Glioma in dogs: treatment, prognosis and clinical trials

Dogs · USA & Canada

Understanding glioma

Glioma is a primary brain tumor arising from glial cells. Depending on where it sits, it may cause seizures, behavior changes, weakness, circling or balance problems. MRI often strongly suggests the diagnosis, but treatment decisions depend on location, neurologic status, control of brain swelling and whether biopsy or local therapy is feasible.

What does the prognosis look like?

In selected dogs treated with modern stereotactic or definitive radiation, typical survival times reported in published studies range from roughly 12 to 23 months. That range does not apply automatically to every MRI-suspected glioma: location, neurologic condition, control of seizures or brain swelling and whether the diagnosis was confirmed all matter. Without local treatment, expectations may be shorter.

What matters next

Control seizures, severe neurologic signs and brain swelling first. MRI then helps define where the lesion is and which treatments are technically possible. The next discussion is whether the imaging diagnosis is sufficient or whether biopsy or surgery would provide information important enough to justify the added risk.

Where are you now?

My dog is having seizures

Seizure control is an immediate part of care. Keep a seizure log and medication list, and ask what change in seizure frequency or duration should prompt urgent reassessment.

Biopsy or surgery is being considered

Ask what information tissue will add, what the procedural risk is, and whether the result will actually change treatment or trial access. A presumed glioma on MRI and a tissue-confirmed glioma are not always interchangeable.

Radiation or another treatment has already started

Track steroid dose, seizure medications, neurologic changes, and treatment dates. Later MRI changes can reflect tumor, treatment effect, or inflammation, so interpretation often requires the full treatment timeline.

If you are waiting for oncology

Control seizures and brain swelling first. MRI review should establish whether the lesion is consistent with glioma and whether biopsy, surgery, radiation or a trial is realistically available. A neurologically worsening dog should not wait simply to preserve a research option.

Questions to ask your oncologist
  • How confident are we that this is glioma based on MRI, and would biopsy change management?
  • What are the roles of radiation, surgery and medical symptom control for this location?
  • Could steroids, anticonvulsants or prior local treatment affect trial eligibility?
How the diagnosis may appear in the record

MRI may support a presumptive glioma diagnosis, while biopsy or surgery can provide a tissue diagnosis and tumor grade. These are not equivalent levels of certainty. Keep the MRI report and images, neurologic examination, steroid and seizure-medication history, and any pathology because trials may require different forms of confirmation.

Changes to watch for at home

Keep a seizure log with duration and recovery and track circling, behavior, vision, balance, weakness, appetite, and steroid dose. A seizure lasting about five minutes, repeated seizures without normal recovery, rapidly worsening consciousness, or inability to stand needs emergency assessment.

How it is usually treated

Radiation is a common tumor-directed treatment for canine glioma. Surgery or biopsy is possible in selected locations, and some centers offer investigational local-delivery or immune-based treatments. Anti-seizure drugs and steroids can control symptoms but do not replace treatment of the tumor itself.

What can affect treatment choices

Tumor location and extent on MRI, neurologic condition, seizure control, whether the diagnosis is presumed or tissue-confirmed and whether surgery or radiation is technically feasible guide treatment.

Tests that may matter

MRI is the central test for diagnosis and treatment planning. The key question is whether the imaging appearance is sufficient for the planned treatment or whether biopsy would change management enough to justify its risk. Trial enrollment may require histologic confirmation.

Treatment options available now

13 options currently in our catalog.

Check eligibility

CAR T-cell immunotherapy plus verdinexor for canine glioma

Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital · USA

Location

  • Flint Animal Cancer Center, 300 W Drake Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80523
Study details

Active - Recruiting

What is being offered: CSU protocol IACUC 5335 enrolls dogs over 10 lb with a presumptive or confirmed glioma. The protocol combines autologous engineered CAR T cells with oral verdinexor; radiation therapy is optional. Dogs may not have received prior chemotherapy or radiation. CSU lists recruitment through December 31, 2028; final neurologic and anesthesia eligibility requires study-team prescreening.

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Planned radiation; Planned chemo; Min weight kg exclusive: 4.535923700100354

May not qualify if: Prior chemo; Prior radiation

Costs / coverage: 🟢 Fully funded. CSU states that CAR T-cell production and treatment, optional radiation therapy, MRIs, study examinations and bloodwork, and lifetime verdinexor chemotherapy are covered.

Contact: CSU Neurology Clinical Trials — csuneurotrials@colostate.edu; 970-297-4405

Official study / enrollment information →

Zika-virus vaccine + autologous tumor-lysate vaccines for high-grade canine glioma

University of Minnesota Canine Brain Tumor Program · USA

Location

  • University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108
Study details

Open and enrolling

What is being offered: Two vaccine doses before surgical tumor removal, followed by three postoperative vaccine doses; MRI monitoring every 16 weeks.

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Planned surgery; Min weight kg: 3; Max weight kg: 45; Single telencephalic glioma on mri; radiation washout: 84 days; immunotherapy washout days: 42 days; surgery washout days: 28 days

Costs / coverage: 🟡 Partially funded. Study covers surgery, postoperative MRI/care and infusions; owner pays pre-enrollment thoracic/abdominal screening and diagnostic brain MRI.

Contact: Canine Brain Tumor Program: cbtp@umn.edu

Official study / enrollment information →

Nanoparticle delivery of anti-tumor genes for high-grade canine glioma

University of Minnesota Canine Brain Tumor Program · USA

Location

  • University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108
Study details

Open and enrolling

What is being offered: Surgical tumor removal followed by nanoparticle anti-tumor gene therapy lining the surgical cavity; MRI monitoring every 16 weeks.

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Planned surgery; Min weight kg: 3; Max weight kg: 45; Single telencephalic glioma on mri; radiation washout: 84 days; immunotherapy washout days: 42 days; surgery washout days: 28 days

Costs / coverage: 🟡 Partially funded. Study covers surgery, postoperative MRI/care and infusions; owner pays pre-enrollment thoracic/abdominal screening and diagnostic brain MRI.

Contact: Canine Brain Tumor Program: cbtp@umn.edu

Official study / enrollment information →

Verteporfin photodynamic therapy for canine brain tumors

Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine / Virginia Tech · USA

Location

  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 245 Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061
Study details

Recruiting — listed on Virginia Tech current studies page

What is being offered: Dogs must have a newly diagnosed brain tumor confirmed by MRI or biopsy that is surgically removable and must be stable enough for surgery and anesthesia. Prior chemotherapy, radiation or other brain-tumor therapy is excluded. Verteporfin PDT is delivered during tumor-removal surgery, followed by study monitoring for about six months.

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Newly diagnosed brain tumor; Planned surgery

May not qualify if: Prior chemo; Prior local radiation; Prior brain tumor therapy; Anesthesia contraindicated; Severe systemic disease

Costs / coverage: 🟢 Fully funded after enrollment — the study covers scheduled examinations, laboratory tests, tumor-removal surgery, anesthesia, study MRIs and verteporfin PDT. Owners pay for diagnosis before enrollment, travel, seizure-control medications, local monitoring and emergency care.

Contact: Mindy Quigley, Clinical Trials Coordinator — mindyq@vt.edu

Official study / enrollment information →

CAR-Neutrophils Combined with Radiation for Canine Glioma

UT Southwestern Veterinary Research and Oncology Clinic · USA

Location

  • Veterinary Research and Oncology Clinic, 5801 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75235
Study details

Actively recruiting — confirmed on UT Southwestern VROC current trials page

What is being offered: CAR-neutrophils plus radiation therapy

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Planned radiation; Prednisone eligible; Anticancer treatment washout

May not qualify if: Prior local radiation; Severe systemic disease; Nonstop antioxidant supplements

Costs / coverage: 🟢 Study-subsidized. The protocol brochure states that owners pay only for diagnostics, imaging, palliative care and other tests or care needed outside the study.

Contact: Paige Neumann, Research Study Coordinator — 214-645-6221; VROC@UTSouthwestern.edu

Official study / enrollment information →

Ferumoxytol Combined with Radiation for Canine Glioma

UT Southwestern Veterinary Research and Oncology Clinic · USA

Location

  • Veterinary Research and Oncology Clinic, 5801 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75235
Study details

Actively recruiting — confirmed on UT Southwestern VROC current trials page

What is being offered: Ferumoxytol plus radiation therapy

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Planned radiation; Prednisone eligible; Anticancer treatment washout

May not qualify if: Prior local radiation; Severe systemic disease; Nonstop antioxidant supplements

Costs / coverage: 🟡 Funding varies. The protocol brochure states that the study may be fully or partially subsidized; owners may pay for diagnostics, imaging, palliative care and other tests or care needed outside the study.

Contact: Paige Neumann, Research Study Coordinator — 214-645-6221; VROC@UTSouthwestern.edu

Official study / enrollment information →

Compassionate-Use Protocol for Advanced Non-Resectable Tumors

UT Southwestern Veterinary Research and Oncology Clinic · USA

Location

  • Veterinary Research and Oncology Clinic, 5801 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75235
Study details

Current

What is being offered: Investigational therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and combination approaches under a prospective compassionate-use protocol

Who may qualify: Confirmed cancer diagnosis required; Active tumor required; Min weight kg exclusive: 2.5; min expected survival weeks: 3 weeks; Adequate organ function

May not qualify if: Severe systemic disease

Costs / coverage: ⚪ Owner-paid. The protocol brochure states that owners fully pay for the study, although possible subsidies may be available.

Contact: Paige Neumann, Research Study Coordinator — 214-645-6221; VROC@UTSouthwestern.edu

Official study / enrollment information →

CARE trial: autophagy inhibition plus radiation for canine glioma

UC Davis Weill School of Veterinary Medicine / Translational Brain Tumor Center · USA

Location

  • UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA 95616
Study details

Actively recruiting — UC Davis recruitment announcement published September 3, 2026

What is being offered: Investigational autophagy inhibitor bisaminoquinoline-13 (BAQ-13), given intravenously twice weekly for four weeks with conventional radiation therapy and paired brain-tumor biopsies

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Suspected or confirmed glioma; Radiation therapy; Brain tumor biopsy; Planned radiation

Costs / coverage: Study covers study-related MRI/CT scans except the initial diagnostic MRI, brain-tumor biopsies, BAQ-13 and monitoring, and hospitalization related to study procedures. It provides $4,000 toward radiation costs at completion of RT and BAQ-13 treatment. Owners pay initial eligibility diagnostics and radiation costs beyond the contribution. Study-related complication care at UC Davis VMTH is covered up to $3,000.

Contact: UC Davis Veterinary Center for Clinical Trials — (530) 754-1954; contact Dr. Christine Toedebusch / study team via the official UC Davis page

Official study / enrollment information →

Radiation therapy plus temozolomide for canine brain tumors

Johns Hopkins Center for Image-Guided Animal Therapy (CIGAT) · USA

Location

  • Johns Hopkins CIGAT, 600 N Wolfe St, Park 311, Baltimore, MD 21287
Study details

Open and enrolling — current Johns Hopkins CIGAT clinical-trials page

What is being offered: Treatment study for dogs with a suspected glioma/intra-axial brain tumor greater than 1 cm on MRI and restricted to one side of the brain. Protocol uses five consecutive workdays of radiation therapy with concurrent oral temozolomide. Previous or current oncologic treatment of the brain tumor is exclusionary; investigator prescreening is required.

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Min age years: 1; Min weight kg: 10; Brain tumor present; Planned radiation; Planned chemo

May not qualify if: Prior local radiation; Prior chemo

Costs / coverage: 🟢 Fully funded protocol treatment. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are fully funded, and study-related side-effect medications, follow-up MRI and blood tests are covered; treatment after progression is not covered.

Contact: Johns Hopkins CIGAT — 410-502-7325; contact through the official clinical-trials page

Official study / enrollment information →

Molecularly targeted cytotoxin therapy by convection-enhanced delivery for canine glioma

Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine / Virginia Tech · USA

Location

  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 245 Duck Pond Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061
Study details

Current Virginia Tech canine brain-tumor clinical trial

What is being offered: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of molecularly targeted cytotoxins directly into the brain tumor

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Min weight kg: 3; Max weight kg: 45; Suspected or confirmed glioma; Planned chemo; Min tumor cm: 1; Single nonventricular nonbrainstem glioma; chemotherapy washout: 42 days; surgery washout days: 42 days; Immunotherapy washout months: 6

May not qualify if: Significant systemic disease; Prior local radiation

Costs / coverage: 🟢 Fully funded — Study hospitalization, CED treatment and follow-up MRI scans are covered; the initial diagnostic MRI, travel/lodging and non-study care are owner-paid.

Contact: Virginia Tech Neurology Clinical Trial team — see official consultation form; mindyq@vt.edu for MRI report submission

Official study / enrollment information →

Oral verdinexor chemotherapy for canine brain tumors

Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital · USA

Location

  • Flint Animal Cancer Center, 300 W Drake Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80523
Study details

Active - Recruiting

What is being offered: CSU protocol IACUC 6276 enrolls dogs weighing at least 10 kg (22 lb) with an MRI-confirmed brain tumor, particularly glioma, that are otherwise healthy. Dogs receive oral verdinexor twice weekly for six months and return on Days 1, 7, 21 and 42 and at Months 3 and 6. Prior chemotherapy or radiation excludes enrollment; final neurologic and anesthesia eligibility requires study-team prescreening.

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Min weight kg: 10; Planned chemo

May not qualify if: Prior chemo; Prior radiation

Costs / coverage: 🟡 Partially funded. Owners pay a one-time $700 enrollment fee; CSU covers study chemotherapy, examinations, bloodwork and follow-up MRIs.

Contact: Breonna Kusick — breonna.kusick@colostate.edu; 970-297-4405

Official study / enrollment information →

FLASH proton radiation with or without gilvetmab for canine glioma

Penn Vet Ryan Veterinary Hospital · USA

Location

  • Penn Vet Ryan Veterinary Hospital, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Philadelphia, PA
Study details

Recruiting

What is being offered: Dogs need histopathologic confirmation of glioma or diagnostic MRI showing a supratentorial lesion consistent with glioma, must be suitable for general anesthesia, and must have a tumor compatible with the FLASH equipment. Systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy requires a three-week washout; prior gilvetmab is not allowed. All dogs receive three FLASH proton treatments and are randomized to receive or not receive three gilvetmab infusions, with 12 follow-up visits over 11 months.

Who may qualify: Active tumor required; Planned radiation

May not qualify if: Prior gilvetmab; Anesthesia contraindicated

Costs / coverage: 🟡 Partially funded. Owners pay screening diagnostics; after enrollment the sponsor covers three FLASH-RT treatments, examinations, laboratory tests, sedation/anesthesia, CSF taps, gilvetmab infusions and protocol CT/MRI imaging.

Contact: Penn Vet VCIC — 215-573-0302; vcic@vet.upenn.edu

Official study / enrollment information →

Autogenic tumor-RNA vaccine for Boxer dogs with suspected malignant glioma

University of Florida · USA

Location

  • UF Small Animal Hospital, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608
Study details

Currently recruiting on the official neurology index and protocol heading

What is being offered: Autogenic vaccine prepared from RNA extracted from the patient's glioma biopsy; three weekly vaccinations beginning two weeks after biopsy

Who may qualify: Boxer breed

Costs / coverage: 🟡 Partially funded. Study covers CT-guided tumor biopsy and lymph-node removal, associated anesthesia/recovery, study vaccines, and research sample collection/analysis. Other visit/care costs are not itemized and must be discussed at evaluation.

Contact: Neurology Staff, University of Florida Small Animal Hospital: 352-392-2235; official Study Interest Form. PI: Dr. Sheila Carrera-Justiz.

Official study / enrollment information →